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Pregnancy is a potential result of rape. It has been studied in the context of war, particularly as a tool for genocide, as well as other unrelated contexts, such as rape by a stranger, statutory rape, incest, and underage pregnancy. The current scientific consensus is that rape is as likely to lead to pregnancy as consensual sexual intercourse, with some studies suggesting rape may result in higher rates of pregnancy than consensual intercourse.〔Dellorto, Danielle (22 August 2012). ("Experts: Rape does not lower odds of pregnancy" ). CNN Health.〕〔Begley, Sharon; Heavey, Susan (20 August 2012). ("Rape trauma as barrier to pregnancy has no scientific basis" ). Reuters.〕〔 Rape can cause difficulties during and after pregnancy, with potential negative consequences for both mother and child. Medical treatment following a rape includes testing for, preventing, and managing pregnancy. A woman who becomes pregnant after a rape may face a decision about whether to have an abortion, give the child up for adoption, or raise it. In some countries where :abortion is illegal after rape and incest, over 90% of pregnancies in girls age 15 and under are due to rape by family members.〔 The false belief that pregnancy can almost never result from rape was widespread for centuries. In Europe, from medieval times well into the 1700s a man could use a woman's pregnancy as a legal defense to "prove" that he could not have raped her, since her pregnancy was thought to mean that she had enjoyed the sex and therefore consented to it. In recent decades, some pro-life politicians and organizations (such as Todd Akin) who oppose legal abortion in cases of rape have advanced claims that pregnancy very rarely arises from rape, and that the practical relevance of such exceptions to abortion law is therefore limited or non-existent.〔〔〔 == Rape-pregnancy incidence== Any female capable of ovulation may become pregnant after rape by a fertile male. Estimates of the numbers of pregnancies from rape vary widely.〔Kim Geiger, (Statistics on rape and pregnancy are complicated ), ''Los Angeles Times, August 23, 2012. Retrieved 24 May 2014.〕〔Sue Owen, (Surveys show wide disagreement on number of rape-related pregnancies per year ), Politifact, ''Austin American Statesman'', August 15, 2013. Retrieved 24 May 2014.〕 Recent estimate suggest that rape conception happens between 25,000 and 32,000 times each year in the U.S. In a 1996 three-year longitudinal study of 4,000 American women, physician Melisa Holmes estimated from data from her study that forced sexual intercourse causes over 32,000 pregnancies in the United States each year.〔 (abstract also available at NIH (pubmed site ) Retrieved 24 May 2014.)〕 Physician Felicia H. Stewart and economist James Trussell estimated that the 333,000 assaults and rapes reported in the US in 1998 caused about 25,000 pregnancies, and up to 22,000 of those pregnancies could have been prevented by prompt medical treatment, such as emergency contraception. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「pregnancy from rape」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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